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Technologies what is out there
What is LED?
LED - light emitting diode, under the “Electroluminescent (EL) lamp” category, was invented in the 1960s. Its current flows from the p-side or anode to the n-side or cathode, but not in the reverse direction. When an electron meets a hole, it fails into a lower energy level and release energy in the form of a photon (light)
What is Induction?
INDUCTION - fluorescent lamp without electrodes, under the “Gas discharge lamp” category, was invented in the 1890s by a scientist named Nikola Tesla in Russia. It has been commercially used since 1994. It uses magnetic induction to ignite the phosphors instead of electrodes to create a pure white light.
Induction lamp history:
Canadians Henry Woodward and Matthew Evans filed a patent in 1874 for a light bulb which used a carbon filament in a nitrogen atmosphere. They were unsuccessful in commercializing the lamp but caught the interest of Edison who considered this Canadian technology so intriguing, he bought their Canadian and US patents [Canadian Patent CA 3738 and U.S. Patent 181,613] in 1875 for the then princely sum of $5,000 US dollars.
Edison continued this line of development and improved upon the Woodward and Evans patent by using a metal filament in a vacuum eventually producing the first practical and commercially successful light bulb in 1880.
Nikola Tesla demonstrated the transfer of power to electrodeless incandescent and fluorescent lamps in his lectures and articles in the 1890’s.[1] On 23 June 1891, Tesla was granted US patent 454,622 to cover a very early form of Induction lamp. When looking at the diagrams from Tesla’s lectures and patents, the close similarity to currently available electrodeless lamps is striking.
How does Induction lamp works:
Magnetic induction lamps are basically fluorescent lamps with electromagnets wrapped around a part of the tube, or inserted inside the lamp. In external inductor lamps, high frequency energy, from the electronic ballast, is sent through wires, which are wrapped in a coil around the ferrite inductor, creating a powerful magnet.
The induction coil produces a very strong magnetic field which travels through the glass and excites the mercury atoms in the interior which are provided by a pellet of amalgam (a solid form of mercury). The mercury atoms emit UV light and, just as in a fluorescent tube, the UV light is up-converted to visible light by the phosphor coating on the inside of the tube. The system can be considered as a type of transformer where the inductor is the primary coil while the mercury atoms within the envelope/tube form a single-turn secondary coil.
In a variation of this technology, a light bulb shaped glass lamp, which has a test-tube like re-entrant central cavity, is coated with phosphors on the interior, filled with inert gas and a pellet of mercury amalgam. The induction coil is wound around a ferrite shaft which is inserted into the central test-tube like cavity. The inductor is excited by high frequency energy provided by an external electronic ballast causing a magnetic field to penetrate the glass and excite the mercury atoms, which emit UV light, that is converted to visible light by the phosphor coating
Why Induction?:
Induction is one of the top energy efficient lighting solutions in the market
Advantages:
- Long lifespan appproximately 100,000 hours
- Gas discharge, electrodless, runs magnetic field
- Instant on, instant re-strike
- No flickering, no strobe, no noise
- High color rendering index (CRI), wide range of correlated color temperature (CCT) choice,
- High energy efficient, high lumen output, and less heat
- Available in retrofit and complete system replacement
Disadvantages:
- Cost higher than high pressure sodium (HPS), low pressure sodium (LPS), metal halide (MH), but lower than LED
- Content mercury, but much lower than HPS, LPS, MH
Why LED?:
Simply the greenest and cleanest light source.
Advantages:
- Long lifespan approximately 50,000 hours
- Flexible application size and design
- No mercury, no light pollution, no noise
- Directional lighting and instant on
- High energy efficient and less heat
- Variety of color choice and wide range of correlated color temperature (CCT) choice
- Available for integrated dimming, motion, and network control
Disadvantages:
- Expensive
- Low lumen output
- Heat dissipation – over heat
- Lighting distribution – spread evenly
- Design limitation to its size, weight, driver, and performance of LED chipset
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